Step 1: Determine If You Qualify for SSDI or SSI

• SSDI: You must have worked and paid into Social Security through payroll taxes. Your eligibility is based on your work history and how recently you worked.
• SSI: Based on financial need rather than work history. To qualify, you must have limited income and assets.

Both programs require that you have a disabling medical condition expected to last at least 12 months or result in death.

Step 2: Understand the SSA’s Definition of Disability

To be considered disabled, the SSA must determine that:

• You cannot perform substantial gainful activity (SGA)
• Your condition is medically severe
• Your condition matches or equals a listed impairment
• You cannot do past work
• You cannot adjust to other work based on your age, education, and work experience

These are the five steps of SSA's disability evaluation process. Your medical and vocational information must support your claim at each level.

Step 3: Gather Medical Evidence

Medical documentation is the backbone of your claim. Make sure to:

• Get comprehensive records from your primary doctor and any specialists
• Include lab results, imaging, hospital records, and treatment summaries
• Request a medical opinion from your physician explaining how your condition affects your ability to work

The more detailed and specific your records are, the stronger your case.

Step 4: File Your Application

You can apply:

• Online at ssa.gov
• By phone at 1-800-772-1213
• In person at your local Iowa Social Security office

Be sure to include complete work history, medical evidence, and all requested documentation. Mistakes or omissions can result in delays or denials.

Step 5: Respond to SSA Requests

After submitting your application:

• Monitor for follow-up letters or phone calls
• Respond quickly to requests for additional information or medical exams
• Check your status online through your mySSA account

Failure to cooperate with SSA requests can result in your claim being denied.

Step 6: Be Ready for Appeals

In Iowa, as in other states, most initial applications are denied. If this happens:

• Request a reconsideration within 60 days
• If denied again, request a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ)
• Prepare for each appeal with additional medical evidence and documentation